Timothy Gowers
- Olympiad
- Great Britain team. IMO gold medal with a perfect score.
- Later achievement
- The 1998 Fields Medal for work in functional analysis and combinatorics.
His research connected two areas of mathematics by applying combinatorial methods to problems about infinite-dimensional spaces. This helped resolve several longstanding mathematical problems.
Jordan Ellenberg
- Olympiad
- US team. Two gold medals and one silver medal at IMO.
- Later achievement
- Mathematician and author of How Not To Be Wrong and Shape.
He combines research in arithmetic geometry with books for a broad readership. His work goes beyond solving research problems: communicating mathematics outside the university is also an important part of it.
Peter Scholze
- Olympiad
- Germany team. Three gold medals and one silver medal at IMO.
- Later achievement
- Recipient of the 2018 Fields Medal.
After school olympiads, he pursued research at the intersection of number theory and geometry. He introduced perfectoid spaces, opening new possibilities in arithmetic geometry.
Noam Elkies
- Olympiad
- US team. Two IMO gold medals, one with a perfect score.
- Later achievement
- Became a professor of mathematics at Harvard University.
He studied mathematics and music at Columbia University, then earned his doctorate at Harvard. His biography shows that a serious interest in mathematics can coexist with other pursuits.
Grigori Perelman
- Olympiad
- IMO gold medal with a perfect score.
- Later achievement
- Proved the Poincaré conjecture, one of the Millennium Prize Problems.
He solved olympiad problems during his school years and later devoted himself to research in geometry. His proof resolved a problem mathematicians had worked on for roughly a century.
Nikolai Durov
- Olympiad
- Three IMO gold medals.
- Later achievement
- Developed a data transmission protocol for Telegram.
Mathematical preparation formed part of his path into technology development. Telegram's official account specifically notes his contribution to the technical foundations of the messaging service.
Terence Tao
- Olympiad
- Bronze, silver and gold IMO medals in 1986–1988.
- Later achievement
- Recipient of the 2006 Fields Medal.
A school olympiad story followed by mathematical research and one of the field's highest honours.
Maryam Mirzakhani
- Olympiad
- Two IMO gold medals; one perfect score.
- Later achievement
- The 2014 Fields Medal for work on the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces.
From the International Mathematical Olympiad to research into complex geometric spaces.
Matei Zaharia
- Olympiad
- Two IOI silver medals.
- Later achievement
- Creator of Apache Spark and co-founder of Databricks.
Algorithmic competitions formed part of his path into distributed systems research and founding a technology company. His own website includes an account of his olympiad preparation.
Adam D’Angelo
- Olympiad
- Silver medal at IOI 2002.
- Later achievement
- Co-founder of Quora.
An example of a former IOI participant who went on to technology entrepreneurship.